03423     2200301   4500001002100000005001500021035002000036008004100056245012800097260002300225300003600248084002600284082001800310650001000328650001800338650001000356650002000366650001800386500022000404856004400624520234100668250001103009700001903020700002403039700002003063020002203083990001603105INLIS00000000004227020240930115835  a0010-0119007183240930                g          0 eng    aAfrican seed enterprises : sowing the seeds of food security /cEdited by Paul Van Mele, Jeffery W. Bentley, Robert G. Guel  aRome :bFAO,c2011  axviii, 236 p. :bill. ;c25 cm.  aFAO 631.53.01/.04 AFR  a631.53.01/.04 4aSEEDS 4aSEED INDUSTRY 4aTRADE 4aSEED PRODUCTION 4aFOOD SECURITY  aTerdri dari 12 artikel.-- Termasuk bibliografi pada setiap artikel.-- Glosarium: p. 229-230.-- Indeks: p. 231-236.-- Dapat diakses dalam jaringan internet pada situs FAO.-- Tersedia berkas digital lengkap (fulltext)  ahttps://www.fao.org/4/i1853e/i1853e.pdf  aABSTRACT: 
The subject of seed provision commands an exceptional amount of attention in most discussions of agricultural development. The reasons are not difficult to understand, as the security and quality of seed supply are among the principal determinants of any farmer’s success. But, despite this unanimity of interest, there is relatively little agreement on what needs to be done to support the growth of effective and equitable seed provision in developing countries.
Part of the controversy over seed provision is the product of legitimate concerns about the nature and impact of the commercial seed sector. There is, for instance, the danger that an overemphasis on commercial seed supply will disregard the role that farmers continue to play in the identification and preservation of productive germplasm, the maintenance of local systems of seed sale and exchange, and innovations in crop management. In addition, there are understandable worries about the growing reach of the multinational ‘life sciences’ industry, its increasing control of the seed sector and the concentration of access to technology in too few hands.
But commercial seed supply can take many different forms, and it is a larger part of many ‘traditional’ farming systems than people may realize. It is difficult to imagine a productive agricultural system in the 21st century without access to some type of formal seed provision through various types of seed enterprise. As agricultural economies develop there is a natural shift towards specialization in the supply of products and services that were previously part of self-sufficient farms or communities. The access to commercial seed supply offers wider access to the products of modern plant breeding and helps ensure that a farmer’s seed supply is not completely dependent on the vagaries of local climate or other uncertainties in local production systems. In addition, the expansion of agricultural markets often provides farmers with an opportunity to earn a premium for the specific qualities of their produce, which may require more attention to high quality and uniform seed than can be provided on-farm. The availability of commercial seed also allows the farmer to invest time in other activities, on- or off-farm, without having to worry about next year’s seed supply.  aCet. 11 aMELE, Paul Van1 aBENTLEY, Jeffery W.1 aGUEL, Robert G.  a978-9-25106-687-4  a00000116693