na INLIS000000000017806 20210804090945 210804 | | | 0010-0721002338 ARTVET2079 ARTVET2079 Antibody Titer Has Positive Predictive Value for Vaccine Protection against Challenge with Natural Antigenic-Drift Variants of H5N1 High-Pathog enicity Avian Influenza Viruses from Indonesia / David E. Swayne; David L. Suarez; Erica Spackman; Samadhan Jadhao; Gwenaelle Dauphin; Mia Kim-Torchetti; James McGrane; John Weaver; Peter Daniels; Frank Wong; Paul Selleck; Agus Wiyono; Risa Indriani; Yuni Yupiana; Elly Sawitri Siregar; Teguh Prajitno; D Journal of Virology 2015 Vol. 89 (7), p.3746-3762 Vaccines are used in integrated control strategies to protect poultry against H5N1 high-pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI). H5N1 HPAI was first reported in Indonesia in 2003, and vaccination was initiated in 2004, but reports of vaccine failures began to emerge in mid-2005. This study investigated the role of Indonesian licensed vaccines, specific vaccine seed strains, and emerg- ing variant field viruses as causes of vaccine failures. Eleven of 14 licensed vaccines contained the manufacturer’s listed vaccine seed strains, but 3 vaccines contained a seed strain different from that listed on the label. Vaccines containing A/turkey/Wiscon- sin/1968 (WI/68), A/chicken/Mexico/28159-232/1994 (Mex/94), and A/turkey/England/N28/1973 seed strains had high serologi- cal potency in chickens (geometric mean hemagglutination inhibition [HI] titers, >1:169), but vaccines containing strain A/chicken/Guangdong/1/1996 generated by reverse genetics (rg; rgGD/96), A/chicken/Legok/2003 (Legok/03), A/chicken/Viet- nam/C57/2004 generated by rg (rgVN/04), or A/chicken/Legok/2003 generated by rg (rgLegok/03) had lower serological potency (geometric mean HI titers, <1:95). In challenge studies, chickens immunized with any of the H5 avian influenza vaccines were protected against A/chicken/West Java/SMI-HAMD/2006 (SMI-HAMD/06) and were partially protected against A/chicken/Pap- ua/TA5/2006 (Papua/06) but were not protected against A/chicken/West Java/PWT-WIJ/2006 (PWT/06). Experimental inacti- vated vaccines made with PWT/06 HPAI virus or rg-generated PWT/06 low-pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) virus seed strains protected chickens from lethal challenge, as did a combination of a commercially available live fowl poxvirus vaccine ex- pressing the H5 influenza virus gene and inactivated Legok/03 vaccine. These studies indicate that antigenic variants did emerge in Indonesia following widespread H5 avian influenza vaccine usage, and efficacious inactivated vaccines can be developed using antigenic variant wild-type viruses or rg-generated LPAI virus seed strains containing the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of wild-type viruses. Avian influenza, HPAI, H5N1 Agus Wiyono D David L. Suarez Elly Sawitri Siregar Erica Spackman Frank Wong Gwenaelle Dauphin James McGrane John Weaver Mia Kim-Torchetti Paul Selleck Peter Daniels Risa Indriani Samadhan Jadhao Teguh Prajitno Yuni Yupiana http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00025-15 ARTVET2079