02510     2200349   4500001002100000005001500021035002000036007000300056008003900059082001500098084002100113100002500134245015500159250004200314260009200356300001400448650001900462650001200481650002000493650002100513650002700534700002200561700002400583700001600607700001600623700001200639700002700651700002300678520140500701856003902106990001502145INLIS00000000001934220250310124012  a0010-0225000028ta250310                |          | |    aARTVET2515  aARTVET2515 HAN m0 aHanh Thi Hong Nguyen1 amRNA Profiling and Transcriptomics Analysis of Chickens Received Newcastle Disease Virus Genotype II and Genotype VII Vaccines /cHanh Thi Hong Nguyen  anumber: 5249 (2022) Cite this article  aAustralia :bSchool of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,The University of Adelaide,c2024  a23 :bill 4aTRANSCRIPTOMIC 4aVACCINE 4aNDV GENOTYPE II 4aNDV GENOTYPE VII 4aSYNAPTOGENESIS PATHWAY0 aPutri Pandarangga0 aPhuong Thi Kim Doan0 aRick Tearle0 aWai Yee Low0 aYan Ren0 aNiluh Indi Dharmayanti0 aFarhid Hemmatzadeh  aNewcastle Disease Virus (NDV) genotype VII (GVII) is becoming the predominant strain of NDV in the poultry industry. It causes high mortality even in vaccinated chickens with a common NDV genotype II vaccine (GII-vacc). To overcome this, the killed GVII vaccine has been used to prevent NDV outbreaks. However, the debate about vaccine differences remains ongoing. Hence, this study investigated the difference in chickens’ responses to the two vaccines at the molecular level. The spleen transcriptomes from vaccinated chickens reveal that GVII-vacc affected the immune response by downregulating neuroinflammation. It also enhanced a synaptogenesis pathway that operates typically in the nervous system, suggesting a mechanism for the neurotrophic effect of this strain. We speculated that the down-regulated immune system regulation correlated with protecting the nervous system from excess leukocytes and cytokine activity. In contrast, GII-vacc inhibited apoptosis by downregulating PERK/ATF4/CHOP as part of the unfolded protein response pathway but did not affect the expression of the same synaptogenesis pathway. Thus, the application of GVII-vacc needs to be considered in countries where GVII is the leading cause of NDV outbreaks. The predicted molecular signatures may also be used in developing new vaccines that trigger specific genes in the immune system in combating NDV outbreaks.  adoi.org/10.3390/ pathogens13080638  aARTVET2515