03622     2200385   4500001002100000005001500021008003900036035002000075082001500095084001500110245045400125250002400579260000900603300002900612520221700641650003202858700001602890700000602906700002002912700002502932700001902957700001502976700002202991700001803013700001603031700002203047700001703069700001803086700001803104700002003122700001903142700001703161856004303178990001503221INLIS00000000001780620210804090945210804                |          | |    a0010-0721002338  aARTVET2079  aARTVET2079  aAntibody Titer Has Positive Predictive Value for Vaccine Protection against Challenge with Natural Antigenic-Drift Variants of H5N1 High-Pathog enicity Avian Influenza Viruses from Indonesia /cDavid E. Swayne; David L. Suarez; Erica Spackman; Samadhan Jadhao; Gwenaelle Dauphin; Mia Kim-Torchetti; James McGrane; John Weaver; Peter Daniels; Frank Wong; Paul Selleck; Agus Wiyono; Risa Indriani; Yuni Yupiana; Elly Sawitri Siregar; Teguh Prajitno; D  aJournal of Virology  c2015  aVol. 89 (7), p.3746-3762  aVaccines are used in integrated control strategies to protect poultry against H5N1 
high-pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI). H5N1 HPAI was first reported in Indonesia in 2003, and 
vaccination was initiated in 2004, but reports of vaccine failures began to emerge in mid-2005. 
This study investigated the role of Indonesian licensed vaccines, specific vaccine seed strains, 
and emerg- ing variant field viruses as causes of vaccine failures. Eleven of 14 licensed vaccines 
contained the manufacturer’s listed vaccine seed strains, but 3 vaccines contained a seed strain 
different from that listed on the label. Vaccines containing A/turkey/Wiscon- sin/1968 (WI/68), 
A/chicken/Mexico/28159-232/1994 (Mex/94), and A/turkey/England/N28/1973 seed strains had high 
serologi- cal potency in chickens (geometric mean hemagglutination inhibition [HI] titers, >1:169), 
but vaccines containing strain A/chicken/Guangdong/1/1996 generated by reverse genetics (rg; 
rgGD/96), A/chicken/Legok/2003 (Legok/03), A/chicken/Viet- nam/C57/2004 generated by rg (rgVN/04), 
or A/chicken/Legok/2003 generated by rg (rgLegok/03) had lower serological potency (geometric mean 
HI titers, <1:95). In challenge studies, chickens immunized with any of the H5 avian influenza 
vaccines were protected against A/chicken/West Java/SMI-HAMD/2006 (SMI-HAMD/06) and were partially 
protected against A/chicken/Pap- ua/TA5/2006 (Papua/06) but were not protected against 
A/chicken/West Java/PWT-WIJ/2006 (PWT/06). Experimental inacti- vated vaccines made with PWT/06 
HPAI virus or rg-generated PWT/06 low-pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) virus seed strains 
protected chickens from lethal challenge, as did a combination of a commercially available live 
fowl poxvirus vaccine ex- pressing the H5 influenza virus gene and inactivated Legok/03 vaccine. 
These studies indicate that antigenic variants did emerge in Indonesia following widespread H5 
avian influenza vaccine usage, and efficacious inactivated vaccines can be developed using 
antigenic variant wild-type viruses or rg-generated LPAI virus seed strains containing the 
hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of wild-type viruses. 4aAvian influenza, HPAI, H5N1  aAgus Wiyono  aD  aDavid L. Suarez  aElly Sawitri Siregar  aErica Spackman  aFrank Wong  aGwenaelle Dauphin  aJames McGrane  aJohn Weaver  aMia Kim-Torchetti  aPaul Selleck  aPeter Daniels  aRisa Indriani  aSamadhan Jadhao  aTeguh Prajitno  aYuni Yupiana  ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00025-15  aARTVET2079