02330     2200217   4500001002100000005001500021035002000036245019600056700002300252700007000275250003500345260000900380300002600389084001500415082001500430008003900445650008400484520148500568856004402053990001502097INLIS00000000001763620221206095400  a0010-0721002168  aGenetic diversity of the H5N1 viruses in live bird markets, Indonesia. /cDharmayanti, Ni Luh Putu Indi ; Hewajuli, Dyah Ayu; Ratnawati, Atik Hartawan, Risza(Balai Besar Penelitian Veteriner)  aHewajuli, Dyah Ayu  aRatnawati, Atik Hartawan, Risza(Balai Besar Penelitian Veteriner)  aJournal of Veterinary Science.  c2020  aJul;21 (4): e56. 2020  aARTVET2268  aARTVET2268221206                |          | |   4aH5N1 virus; live bird market; Indonesia; genetic diversity; reassortant viruses  aBackground: The live bird market (LBM) plays an important role in the dynamic evolution of
the avian influenza H5N1 virus.
Objectives: The main objective of this study was to monitor the genetic diversity of the H5N1
viruses in LBMs in Indonesia.
Methods: Therefore, the disease surveillance was conducted in the area of Banten, West Java,
Central Java, East Java, and Jakarta Province, Indonesia from 2014 to 2019. Subsequently, the
genetic characterization of the H5N1 viruses was performed by sequencing all 8 segments of
the viral genome.
Results: As a result, the H5N1 viruses were detected in most of LBMs in both bird' cloacal
and environmental samples, in which about 35% of all samples were positive for influenza
A and, subsequently, about 52% of these samples were positive for H5 subtyping. Based on
the genetic analyses of 14 viruses isolated from LBMs, genetic diversities of the H5N1 viruses
were identified including clades 2.1.3 and 2.3.2 as typical predominant groups as well as
reassortant viruses between these 2 clades.
Conclusions: As a consequence, zoonotic transmission to humans in the market could be
occurred from the exposure of infected birds and/or contaminated environments. Moreover,
new virus variants could emerge from the LBM environment. Therefore, improving pandemic
preparedness raised great concerns related to the zoonotic aspect of new influenza variants
because of its high adaptivity and efficiency for human infection.  ahttps://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2020.21.e56  aARTVET2268